Population income and expenditure
Income of the population
is accrued in kind and in cash and includes the following: wages and salaries
(including the ones received from abroad) profits and mixed income, income
obtained from property, social allowances and other current transfers.
Disposable income
is the maximum amount of income meant to be used by households for purchasing
consumer goods and payment for services. They include wages, profits and mixed
income, income balance from ownership, social allowances, other current
transfers obtained in cash excluding the paid ones, namely current taxes on
income and property.
Expenditure and savings of the population
include: expenditure for purchasing goods and services; property income paid,
current taxes on income, property and other current transfers paid; accumulation
of fixed capital and tangible current assets and increased financial assets as
deposit savings, savings in hard currency, etc.
Nominal wages
relate to remuneration in cash and in kind paid to employees for time worked or
work done. It also includes base wage rates (official salary), bonuses,
additional payments, allowances and other kinds of payments for time not worked.
Nominal wages include compulsory deductions from wages of employees: income tax
from natural persons, and
single social
contribution.
Nominal wages do not include the following:
cash security for professional servicemen, and soldiers and officer personnel;
payments from social insurance funds for temporary disability;
payment for the first five days of temporary disability of employer funds;
sum
of employer contribution
to the compulsory state social insurance.
Tables 18.5–18.11 provide average monthly (for a year) nominal wages of
employees defined by dividing the annual wages by the average annual number of
employees and by twelve months.
Indicator is compiled by using data from the state statistical survey that cover
enterprises, establishments, organisations (legal persons and separate units of
legal persons, next – enterprises) employed wage labour. Till 2010, by
businesses without employees of statistically small businesses.
Since
2010 new methodical basis for sample
frame design was introduced into the labour force survey. In this context, large
and medium enterprises with average number of 50 and more employees (including
non-staff members) are subject for exhaustive survey, while enterprises with
10–49 of employees are surveyed at the sample base.
Table 18.5
gives the time series for average monthly wages in 1940–1994. Prior to 1991
(inclusive), the development of statistical indicator for the size of the
average monthly wages has been separately made for the categories of employees
and workers, and employees of the collective agricultural enterprises (CAEs).
Since 1992, on the basis of
Nominal wages
index
reflects the nominal wages change in the reporting period compared with the base
one. Due to modifications taken part starting from 2010 survey direct comparison
of its data with the similar data from the previous surveys is not correct. The
calculated data presented in the tables are computed on the basis of comparative
totals
by using a chain index.
Index of real wages
shows the changes in the purchasing power of the nominal wages that occur during
the reference period. It is compared to the base period. It is calculated by
dividing the index for the nominal wages which excludes income taxes of natural
persons and compulsory state payment to the social insurance during a certain
period by CPI for the same period.
Household living conditions sample survey
is the main source of data on the living standards of the population and its
selected sections, the structure of household income and expenditure,
consumption of food and services depending on the level of well-being,
composition of households and other social and economic characteristics.
Since 1999
Household
is a group of individuals who live together in a dwelling or its part and make
common provision for living, keep a house, are completely or partially united
and spend common funds. These individuals can be in blood or
in-law relationships, be entirely unrelated or be in both of them.
Household can consist of one person (Article 1 of Ukraine’s
Law on Population Census).
Households participate in the survey for one year.
The survey is conducted every quarter in
all regions of
the country and covers
all
population excluding those in active armed forces, imprisoned, persons residing
in boarding houses for the aged, and marginal sections of the population. The
design of the sample survey excludes contaminated areas (isolated and eviction
areas).
Since 2004, household living conditions survey covers dwellers in all hostels
(for families, students, etc). In 1999–2003, only dwellers in family hostels
were surveyed.
In 2013
the initial sampled population of the survey included 13023 households. During
the year 10528 households took part in the survey (selected addresses accounted
for
82,7%,
excluding non-resident dwellings). The results of the sample survey are extended
through the statistical weighting procedure to the total population.
Since 2007, the studies of the household well-being are based on income
indicators; before 2007 expenditure indicators were used.
Monetary expenditure of the households
comprise: expenses for purchasing foodstuffs, alcoholic drinks and tobacco
products, non-food items and services, expenditure associated with keeping a
private subsidiary agriculture, rendering assistance to relations and other
individuals, constructing, major repairing of dwellings and utility rooms,
purchasing of livestock, horses and perennial plantings for private subsidiary
agriculture, acquiring shares, certificates, hard currency, making deposits with
banks, paying maintenance and taxes (excluding income tax), duties,
contributions, etc.
Total expenditure
consist of monetary expenditure and value of consumed by household agriculture
foodstuffs that were privately produced or given by their relatives or their
other individuals, benefits and non- cash subsidies meant to pay for housing,
communal utilities and services, benefits for telephone calls, travelling in
transport, health goods and services,
tourist
services,
places in
sanatoria, etc.
Value of privately produced foodstuffs given by households to their relatives
and other individuals is included into the total expenditure since this
assistance occurs in a regular arrangement.
Monetary income of the households
includes cash and in-kind (in monetary terms) revenues that household members
received as labour compensation (excluding income tax and compulsory payments),
income from entrepreneurship and self-employment, property income as interests
and dividends, income from selling shares and other securities, revenues from
marketing real estate, private and household property, livestock, privately
produced agriculture foodstuffs, procurement on own behalf by own
resources, social benefits (benefits and subsidies in cash meant to pay
for housing and communal services, electricity and fuel, compensations for the
unused sanatorium-and-spa treatment entitlement, travel privileges for some
categories of citizens), monetary assistance received from relatives and other
individuals, and other monetary income.
Total income
incorporates monetary income, value of the consumed output produced at a private
subsidiary agriculture (excluding expenditure for output) as procurement on own
behalf, benefits and subsidies meant to reimburse communal services, electricity
and fuel, non-cash subsidies meant to pay for
health goods and services, tourist services, places in sanatoria, etc, benefits
for travelling in transport and communication and also value of foodstuffs given
their relatives or other individuals.
Total resources
includes total income and the sum of the used savings, increased loans, credits,
debts that households have acquired as well as debts paid off to households.
This indicator shows the potential
household resources that were obtained during the reference
period regardless of the sources from which they had been derived.
Subsistence level
is the amount sufficient to ensure the normal functioning of the human being’s
organism, preservation of its health, a set of foodstuffs, and a minimum set of
non-food items and a minimum set of services which are necessary to satisfy the
basic social and cultural needs of an individual.
Quintile coefficient for differentiating the population expenditure
is a ratio between minimal expenditure that 20% of the most well-off population
have and maximum expenditure that is enjoined by another 20% of the low-income
population.
Quintile coefficient for funds
is a ratio of the total expenditure between 20% of the most well off population
and 20% of the low-income population.
Since 2011, when calculating
per capita average indicators for expenditure and resources as well as
indicators for differentiation of the population and households by level of
material welfare according to modern international practice, a scale of
equivalence was used which reflects a decrease in minimum necessary wants per
one member of household due to increase in size of households and changes in its
composition. Since 2000, to ensure time series comparisons, the indicators for
differentiation of the population and households by level of material welfare
have been revised with due account for the scale of equivalence.
Since the survey is completely new, all its components starting with the sample
design and up to the system of analytical indicators are also new. It is not
recommended to make comparisons with data from sample survey of family budgets
which was conducted up to 1999.