Natural resources and environment protection

Total land area is an area of land together with the internal waters located within the State border.

Preserves are natural protective and research establishments of international and national importance created for the purpose of preservation of the typical biosphere or landscape for ecological monitoring, development of research protection and effective use of environment.

National nature parks are natural protective, recreational, culture and educational, research establishments of national importance that are created to preserve, recreate and use effectively the nature complexes and objects which are of special importance, and have health, historical and cultural, scientific, educational and aesthetic value.

Recultivation of land is a complex of operations aimed at recreation of the productivity, economic value of lands and improvement of environment.

Land damage refers to actions that make land lose its economic importance or are a source of negative influence on the environment due to the damaged soil, hydrological regime and creation of a technogenic relief as a result of economic activity.

Use of fresh water – is a volume of all kinds of water  (surface, subsurface, formation, mine, sea, etc) used to meet consumers’ needs and collected or received from water supply units that belong to enterprises. These wаters were collected or received from water supply units that belong to enterprises, water utilities and other water systems. The reuse of waste and drainage water is excluded.

Water use for production needs (except agricultural use) is volume of water used for technical needs of industry, transport, construction and other sectors of the national economy. It also includes fresh water entry for recycled water supply systems and water volumes, which were using in pond fish culture.

Water use for household and drinking needs is water volume used for domestic (communal) population needs (including needs of enterprise workers).

Discharge (drainage) of waste waters refers to waters that were disposed of into the natural waters and transferred to others water users.

Waste recycled waters are industrial and domestic (communal) waste waters as well as discharged water escape that arrive without purification or after incomplete purification and includes pollutants that break the established standards at the points of water monitoring or use. It excludes waters for filtration fields, basins, landscape, etc.

Waste waters purified according to standards are water flows that were purified using the appropriate facilities after that the purified water is delivered back to the water resources. The purified water should meet the standards set for the quality of water at the point where the water consumption is monitored.

Use of recycled water is measured by the amount of fresh water saved by the use of water returned to the water supply system after reprocessing. It includes the use of recycled waste and drainage waters. Reused water does not include water spent in systems supplying communal and industrial heat.

Capacity of purifying facilities is maximal volume of recycled water purified in a year.

Hazardous substance is a substance of

chemical or biological origin that is present or come into the atmosphere and can directly or indirectly cause the negative impact upon the health of the human being and environment.

Greenhouse gases are gases that detain infrared irradiation of the land surface, thus causing the global worming on the planet. The basic greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), nitric oxide (N₂O), hydro-fluorine carbon, perfluorine carbon, hecsofluoride sulfur (SF₆).

Stationary source of pollution is an enterprise, a workshop, a facility, an installation or other immovable object, which keeps its spatial coordinates during certain period of time and emits polluting substances into an atmosphere and/or in water bodies.

Mobile source of pollution is a vehicle, which movement is accompanied with emission of pollutants into an atmosphere.

Emission of the pollutants into the atmosphere from stationary source is total amount of contaminants coming to the air basin from stationary sources both after treatment at dust-arresting and gas-cleaning systems as a result of insufficient capture and purification at organised sources and without treatment from organised and non-organised sources of pollution. It excludes emissions of the pollutants as a result of soil erosion (dust storms), forest fires, etc.

Emission of the pollutants into the atmosphere from mobile sources is total amount of contaminants coming to atmosphere from motor road, air, rail and water transport, and manufacturing technics.

Waste are any substances, materials and things generated during production or consumption processes and also the goods (products) fully or partly have lost their consumer properties, have no further use at a place of their generation or revealing, and their owner should eliminate them by recycling or removing.

Hazardous wastes are wastes that have physical, chemical, biological or other hazardous properties that are or could be a danger to the environment and human health. They require special methods and means to treat them.

Hazardous wastes contain the substances with dangerous properties that lead to toxicity, explosive risk, fire risk, high reaction capability, they could have pathogenic organisms.

Treatment of waste are actions directed on waste generation prevention, collection, transportation, storage, processing, recycling, removing, neutralization and waste disposal including these operations supervision and control over the utilization sites.

Processing of waste products are any technological operations connected with the change of physical, chemical or biological properties of waste products, in order to their preparation for ecologically safety storage, transportation, recycling or removing.

Utilization of wastes is the usage of the wastes as the secondary material or energy resources.

Incineration is the controlled burning of solid, liquid or gaseous wastes at high temperatures.

Existence of waste is storage (temporarily accommodation before recycling or removing) and disposal of waste at sites or facilities specially allocated for this (sites for waste products accommodation, storages, landfills, complexes, constructions, sites of bowels, etc), for which the permission of the specially  authorized central government body in the sphere of waste treatment is received.

Capital investment for environmental protection is all costs in a reporting year for equipment, technique, construction intended for environmental protection calculated at current prices without considering gross value added. It includes costs for construction of new enterprises, expansion, reconstruction, restoration, technical equipment of operating enterprises and plants and purchase of environmental protection equipment for long-term use.

Costs on major repair of capital assets related to environment protection are all costs in a reporting year for improvement works that lead to increase in future economic benefit primarily expected from the object use and to the amount of which the primary value of fixed capital increases.

Current costs on environmental protection are costs for the maintenance (upkeep and exploitation) of the object (capital assets related to environment protection) and comprises the costs of the current period.

Ecological payments include ecological tax for pollution of the environment, which charged for emissions of pollutants from stationary and mobile sources of pollution into air, discharges of pollutants and disposal of waste directly into water, the fines imposed for infringement for violation of legislation on environmental protection. Fines imposed, taken by administrative order from the officials of the fines imposed infringement are not compiled