Employment

Economically active population, in line with labour force concept, comprises all people of both sexes aged 15–70 who during a certain period furnish labour for the production of goods and services. Economically active population includes persons engaged in economic activity defined as bringing gains and the unemployed.

Since 1995 basing on recommendations of International Labour Organisation (ILO) implemented of sample survey of economic activity of the population (households) in practice of the state statistics offices. These sample survey is conducted in the areas where the population inhabit and covers persons aged 15–70 for whom the estimates of indicators for economic activity employment and unemployment are produced.

Employed (according to sample survey data) are persons aged 15–70 who:

during the reference week were employed at least one hour to receive cash or in-kind payment. They worked individually (self-employed) or were employed by other individuals or worked at their own (family) enterprise; worked for free at enterprises or own business that belongs to any member of household or were employed at private subsidiary agriculture in order to sell products produced as a result of this activity;

persons who were temporally absent from work, i.e. were formally attached to a work place, had their own enterprise (own business), however, they did not work during the reference period for the reasons beyond their control.

In Table 17.4 data on average annual number of the employed are based from sample surveys of the households. In this Table the distribution of the employed at enterprises, organisations prior to 2011 (inclusive) was based on the Classification of Types of Economic Activity (State Classifier 009:2005) and since 2012, is made according to the Classification of Types of Economic Activity (State Classifier 009:2010). The distribution of the total employed by type of economic activity (Table 17.5) is made through a complex estimate based on integration of data from sample survey of households, the state statistical observations over enterprises and  administrative reporting.

The number of employees at enterprises, departments, organisations (Tables 17.7) covers the employed who concluded a labour agreement (contract, civil and legal treaty) at their work. This agreement could be either permanent or temporary. This category includes employees of entities, budget-funded and financial establishments and non-government organisations as well as professional military personnel in career service (apart from military service for a regular term), persons from private corps and key personnel of law-enforcement bodies.

The employed are recorded by place of their work, i.e. the place where the enterprise or its structural branch is located and classified by relevant type of economic activity.

Economic activity rate is defined as a ratio (percent) of the economically active population aged 15–70 to the total population of the specific age or population by the relevant social and demographic characteristics.

Employment rate is a ratio (percent) of the employed aged 15–70 to the total population of the specific age or population by the relevant social and demographic characteristics.

Following ILO methodology, the unemployed are defined as persons aged 15–70 (registered as well as unregistered at a State Employment Office) who meet the following three requirements: were without work (gainful employment); during the last four weeks were actively seeking a job or were trying to establish their own business; during the recent two weeks were available to work, i.e. to be employed or to work at their own enterprise in order to get wages or income. The category of the unemployed includes persons who will start working during the next two weeks; have found a job or await a reply.

Unemployment rate (ILO methodology) is a ratio (percent) of the unemployed aged 15–70 to the economically active population (labour force) of the specific age or the relevant social and demographic characteristics.

Within the framework of sample survey of economic activity of the population (households), prior to 2012 the working age persons include women aged 15–54 years old and men aged 15–59 years old. According to Ukraine’s law On Actions Regarding the Legal Support to Reforming the Pension System, in 2012 the working age population includes women aged 55 years old. In 2013 the working age population includes women aged 56 years old.

Tables 17.16–17.18 present the information of the State Employment Office.

Registered unemployed under current law are person of working age who are registered with the local offices of central executive body that implements the state policy in the field of employment and labour migration as unemployed and are willing and able to get to work.

Unemployed recognize disabled people who have not reached retirement age and receive a disability pension or social assistance under the law, and persons under 16 years of age who were working and were released due to changes in the organisation of production and labour.

In connection with the entry into force on January 1, 2013 the Law of Ukraine On Employment modified methodology for the formation of public employment system of indicators registered labour market. In particular, the status of unemployed provided on the first day of registration at the State Employment Service, regardless of the registered place.

Registered unemployment rate is defined as a ratio (percent) of the unemployed registered at the State Employment Service to the average annual population of working age.

The burden of the registered unemployees per one work place (vacant positions) is defined as a ratio of the number of registered unemployed to the number of vacant work places, vacant positions claimed by enterprises, establishments and organisations.

Economically inactive population (beyond labour force) are persons who cannot be classified as employed or unemployed.

This category includes pupils and students of the full time education; pensioners; persons who are engaged in household work; persons of working age who are discouraged to find a job; persons who think that there is no proper job for them and do not know where and how it can be found; other persons who did not need a job and those whose activity does not apply to the economy (performance of no-charge or voluntary work, etc).

The indicators from tables 17.19−17.30 are defined on the basis of data from the state statistical observations that cover enterprises, establishments, organisations (legal persons and separate units of legal persons, next – enterprises) using employment. Since 2010, to produce the population of units for these observations, the following methodological principles are applied: large and medium-sized enterprises with the average number of employees (including temporary ones) of 50 and more are subject to complete enumeration while enterprises with the number of employees from 10 to 49 persons are covered by sample method (sample).  

Staff members number include persons who are in labour relationship with the enterprise and receive wages except those temporarily absent at work, for whom the working place is kept (are in maternity leave or in additional holiday on child care upon achievement of the age stipulated by legislation).

Tables 17.22–17.24; 17.30–17.32 present the accountable strength of regular employees (payroll staff) for the end of 2013.

Tables 17.19–17.21 give the indicator on the average registered number of regular employees and which does not include those working according to the civil and legal treaties. It is averaged over a period:

over the month by summing up the number of registered employees for each calendar day of the month, i.e. from the 1^st to 30^th or 31^st day including the holidays (off-days) and week-ends and by dividing the obtained sum by the relevant number of calendar days of the reference month;

over the year by summing up the average registered number of employees for all months of work that passed during the reference year and by dividing the obtained sum by the number of months (i.e. 12).

An employees is recorded only once (by place of main job) regardless of the duration of labour agreement and duration of work hours.

Staff training and skills upgrading cover the employees from enterprises who were trained directly on the site or at educational establishments of different types on accounts of enterprises’ funds.

Training in new professions includes the primary professional training of persons who previously did not have any professions and staff retraining in new professions as compared with the previously acquired one.

Qualification upgrading is training with the purpose of deepening the previously gained knowledge, skills and abilities to meet the production requirements or needs of the service sphere.

The category of employees who underwent training and qualification upgrading excludes employees who were trained on order of the State Employment Service or learnt at educational institutions independently.

Worked hours are measured in man-hours for employees who actually worked at the enterprise including those who are part-time employees, performed overtime work, worked during week-ends and holidays (off days) or worked extra month (on top of the schedule) as well as man-hours of work by internal dual jobholders or home-workers.

Non-worked time is time has not been worked because of valid or other reasons. It include absence of employees at  work due to holidays (annual holiday, training, etc), temporary invalidity, temporary transfer to other enterprise for work, holidays without  wages reservation (of which for the period of work performance termination), transfer to part-time work (incomplete working day or week), truancies, downtimes, strikes and other reasons.

Information about the number of concluded and registered collective agreements is submitted by enterprises where they are used according to Ukraine’s Law On Collective Contracts and Agreements.

Employees who are covered by collective contracts are persons who regularly work for enterprise regardless of their membership in the trade union including those who have been absent due to different reasons when the report was compiled.

Labour conditions characterize the situation with security, occupational hygiene and the work environment according to several types of economic activity and the employment at hard jobs with hazardous and low safety labour conditions.

The employees who work in this environment that does not meet sanitation and hygiene standards are taken into account by each hazardous production factor regardless of their number per one employee. At the same time, the general number of employees who work in unfavorable conditions records an employee just once.